Dota 2 | |
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Developer(s) | Valve Corporation |
Publisher(s) | Valve Corporation |
Designer(s) | IceFrog |
Writer(s) | |
Composer(s) |
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Engine | Source 2 |
Platform(s) | |
Release |
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Genre(s) | MOBA |
Mode(s) | Multiplayer |
Dota 2 is a multiplayer online battle arena (MOBA) video game developed and published by Valve Corporation. The game is a sequel to Defense of the Ancients (DotA), which was a community-created mod for Blizzard Entertainment's Warcraft III: Reign of Chaos and its expansion pack, The Frozen Throne. Dota 2 is played in matches between two teams of five players, with each team occupying and defending their own separate base on the map. Each of the ten players independently controls a powerful character, known as a 'hero', who all have unique abilities and differing styles of play. During a match, players collect experience points and items for their heroes to successfully defeat the opposing team's heroes in player versus player combat. A team wins by being the first to destroy the other team's 'Ancient', a large structure located within their base.
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Development of Dota 2 began in 2009 when IceFrog, lead designer of the original Defense of the Ancients mod, was hired by Valve to create a modernized remake for them in the Source game engine. It was officially released for Microsoft Windows, OS X, and Linux-based personal computers via the digital distribution platform Steam in July 2013, following a Windows-only open beta phase that began two years prior. As the game is fully free-to-play with no heroes or other gameplay elements needing to be bought or otherwise unlocked, revenue is made instead from microtransactions such as loot boxes, and a battle pass subscription system called Dota Plus, which all only offer non-gameplay altering virtual goods in return, such as hero cosmetics and audio replacement packs. The game has also been updated with various other features since release, such as a port to the Source 2 engine and virtual reality support.
Dota 2 has a large esports scene, with teams from across the world playing in various professional leagues and tournaments. Valve manages an event format known as the Dota Pro Circuit, which are a series of tournaments held every year that award qualification points for getting a direct invitation to The International, the premier tournament of the game with a prize pool usually totaling over US$20 million. Media coverage of most Dota 2 tournaments is done by a selection of on-site staff who provide commentary and analysis for the ongoing matches, similar to traditional sporting events. In addition to playing matches to a live audience in arenas and stadiums, broadcasts of them are also streamed live over the internet, and sometimes simulcast on television networks, with peak viewership numbers in the millions.
Despite some criticism going towards its steep learning curve and overall complexity, Dota 2 was praised for its rewarding gameplay, production quality, and faithfulness to its predecessor, with many considering it to be one of the greatest video games of all time. Since its release, it has been one of the most played games on Steam, with over a million concurrent players at its peak. The popularity of the game has led to official merchandise for it being produced, including apparel, accessories, and toys, as well as promotional tie-ins to other games and media. The game also allows for the community to create their own gamemodes, maps, and cosmetics, which are uploaded to the Steam Workshop. In the late 2010s, Valve released two spinoff games featuring the setting of Dota 2. The first, Artifact, is a digital collectible card game, while the second, Dota Underlords, is a chess-like game derived from Dota Auto Chess, a popular community-created mod from within the game. Dota 2 has also been used in machine learning experiments, with a team of bots known as the OpenAI Five showing the capability to defeat professional players.
- 2Development
- 5Reception
Gameplay
A game of Dota 2 in progress, showing the Radiant team inside their base at the beginning of a match
Dota 2 is a multiplayer online battle arena (MOBA) video game in which two teams of five players compete to collectively destroy a large structure defended by the opposing team known as the 'Ancient', whilst defending their own.[1][2] As in Defense of the Ancients, the game is controlled using standard real-time strategy controls, and is presented on a single map in a three-dimensionalisometric perspective.[1][3] Ten players each control one of the game's 117 playable characters, known as 'heroes', with each having their own design, strengths, and weaknesses.[1][2][4] Heroes are divided into two primary roles, known as the core and support.[5][6] Cores, which are also called 'carries', begin each match as weak and vulnerable, but are able to become more powerful later in the game, thus becoming able to 'carry' their team to victory.[7][5] Supports generally lack abilities that deal heavy damage, instead having ones with more functionality and utility that provide assistance for their carries, such as providing healing and other buffs.[8][5][6] Players select their hero during a pre-game drafting phase, where they can also discuss potential strategies and hero matchups with their teammates.[2][5][6] Heroes are removed from the drafting pool and become unavailable for all other players once one is selected, and can not be changed once the drafting phase is over.
All heroes have a basic damage-dealing attack, in addition to powerful abilities. Each hero has at least four abilities, all of which are unique, which are the primary method of fighting.[3][8] Heroes begin each game with an experience level of one, only having access to one of their abilities, but are able to level up and become more powerful during the course of the game, up to a maximum level of 25.[2][5] Whenever a hero gains an experience level, the player is able to unlock another of their abilities or improve one already learned.[2][5] The most powerful ability for each hero is known as their 'ultimate', which requires them to have an experience level of six in order to use.[6] In order to prevent abilities from being used without consequence, a magic system in the game exists. Activating an ability costs a hero some of their 'mana points', which slowly regenerates over time.[3][9] Using an ability will also cause it to enter a cooldown phase, in which the ability can not be used again until a timer counts down to zero. All heroes have three attributes: strength, intelligence, and agility, which affect health points, mana points, and attack speed, respectively.[5] Each hero has one primary attribute out of the three, which adds to their non-ability basic damage output when increased.[10][5] Heroes also have an ability augmentation system known as 'Talent Trees', which allow players further choices on how to develop their hero.[5][6] If a hero runs out of health points and dies, they are removed from active play until a respawn timer counts down to zero, where they are then respawned in their base.[11]
The two teams—known as the Radiant and Dire—occupy fortified bases in opposite corners of the map, which is divided in half by a crossable river and connected by three paths, which are referred to as 'lanes'.[1][2] The lanes are guarded by defensive towers that attack any opposing unit who gets within its line of sight.[2] A small group of weak computer-controlled creatures called 'creeps' travel predefined paths along the lanes and attempt to attack any opposing heroes, creeps, and buildings in their way.[2][11][6] Creeps periodically spawn throughout the game in groups from two buildings, called the 'barracks', that exist in each lane and are located within the team's bases.[2][12][6] The map is also permanently covered for both teams in fog of war, which prevents a team from seeing the opposing team's heroes and creeps if they are not directly in sight of themselves or an allied unit. The map also features a day-night cycle, with some hero abilities and other game mechanics being altered depending on the time of the cycle.[5] Also present on the map are 'neutral creeps' that are hostile to both teams, and reside in marked locations on the map known as 'camps'. Camps are located in the area between the lanes known as the 'jungle', which both sides of the map have.[13][6] Neutral creeps do not attack unless provoked, and will respawn over time if killed. The most powerful neutral creep is named 'Roshan', who is a unique boss that may be defeated by either team to obtain special items, such as one that allows a one-time resurrection if the hero that holds it is killed.[2][14][6] Roshan will respawn around ten minutes after being killed, and becomes progressively harder to kill as the match progresses over time.[14] 'Runes', which are special items that spawn in set positions on the map every two minutes, offer heroes various temporary, but powerful power-ups when collected.[5][6]
In addition to having abilities becoming stronger during the game, players are able to buy items from set locations on the map called shops that provide their own special abilities.[2][14][15][6] Items are not limited to specific heroes, and can be bought by anyone. In order to obtain an item, players must be able to afford it with gold at shops located on the map, which is primarily obtained by killing enemy heroes, destroying enemy structures, and killing creeps, with the latter being an act called 'farming'.[2][11][5] Only the hero that lands the killing blow on a creep obtains gold from it, an act called 'last hitting', but all allies receive a share of gold when an enemy hero dies close to them.[3][11] Players are also able to 'deny' allied units and structures by last hitting them, which then prevents their opponents from getting full experience from them.[11][14] Gold can not be shared between teammates, with each player having their own independent stash. Players also receive a continuous, but small stream of gold over the course of a match.[16][5] Multiple game types in the game exist, which mainly alter the way hero selection is handled; examples include 'All Pick', which offer no restrictions on hero selection, 'All Random', which randomly assigns a hero for each player, 'Captain's Mode', where a single player on each team selects heroes for their entire team and is primarily used for professional play, and 'Turbo', an expedited version of All Pick featuring increased gold and experience gain, weaker towers, and faster respawn times.[17][18][19] Matches usually last around 30 minutes or more, although they can theoretically last forever as long as both Ancients remain standing.[6][20] In Captain's Mode games, an additional 'GG' forfeit feature is available to end games early.[21]
Dota 2 also occasionally features limited-time events that present players with alternative game modes that do not follow the game's standard rules.[22] Some of these included the Halloween-themed Diretide event,[23] the Christmas-themed Frostivus event,[24] and the New Bloom Festival, which celebrated the coming of spring.[25] Other special game modes have also been created by Valve, including a ten-versus-ten mode,[26] a Halloween-themed capture point mode 'Colosseum',[27] a combat arena mode 'Overthrow',[28] 'Siltbreaker', a story-driven cooperative campaign mode,[29] and 'The Underhollow', a battle royale mode.[30] The move to the Source 2 engine in 2015 also added the 'Arcade' feature, which allows for community-created game modes, with the more popular ones having dedicated server hosting by Valve.[31][32] One popular example, known as Dota Auto Chess, had over seven million in-game subscribers by April 2019.[33][34][35] Due to its popularity, Valve met with the mod's developers, the Chinese-based Drodo Studio, to discuss directly collaborating on a standalone version. However, the two companies were unable to come to an agreement, with them both stating that it was in their best interest to develop their own separate games.[36] While Valve's version, Dota Underlords, continued to use the Dota setting, Drodo's game, Auto Chess, was developed without using any Dota 2 assets.[37][38]
Development
Defense of the Ancients, the original mod from Warcraft III that Dota 2 was based on
The Dota series began in 2003 with Defense of the Ancients (DotA)—a mod for Blizzard Entertainment's Warcraft III: Reign of Chaos—created by the pseudonymous designer 'Eul'.[39] An expansion pack for Warcraft III, titled The Frozen Throne, was released later that year; a series of Defense of the Ancientsclone mods for the new game competed for popularity. DotA: Allstars by Steve Feak was the most successful,[40] and Feak, with his friend Steve Mescon, created the official Defense of the Ancients community website and the holding company DotA-Allstars, LLC.[41] When Feak retired from DotA: Allstars in 2005, a friend, under the pseudonym 'IceFrog', became its lead designer.[42] By the late 2000s, Defense of the Ancients became one of the most popular mods in the world, as well as a prominent esports title.[43] IceFrog and Mescon later had a falling out in May 2009, which prompted the former to establish a new community website at playdota.com.[44] Valve's interest in the Defense of the Ancients property began when several veteran employees, including Team Fortress 2 designer Robin Walker and executive Erik Johnson, became fans of the mod and wanted to build a modern sequel.[45] The company corresponded with IceFrog by email about his long-term plans for the project,[46] and he was subsequently hired to direct a sequel.[47] IceFrog first announced his new position through his blog in October 2009,[48] with Dota 2 being officially announced a year later.[49]
Valve adopted the word 'Dota', derived from the original mod's acronym, as the name for its newly acquired franchise. Johnson argued that the word referred to a concept, and was not an acronym.[47] Shortly after the announcement of Dota 2, Valve filed a trademark claim to the Dota name.[50] At Gamescom 2011, company president Gabe Newell explained that the trademark was needed to develop a sequel with the already-identifiable brand.[51] Holding the Dota name to be a community asset, Feak and Mescon filed an opposing trademark for 'DOTA' on behalf of DotA-Allstars, LLC (then a subsidiary of Riot Games) in August 2010.[41]Rob Pardo, the executive vice president of Blizzard Entertainment at the time, similarly stated that the DotA name belonged to the mod's community. Blizzard acquired DotA-Allstars, LLC from Riot Games and filed an opposition against Valve in November 2011, citing Blizzard's ownership of both the Warcraft III World Editor and DotA-Allstars, LLC as proper claims to the franchise.[52] The dispute was settled in May 2012, with Valve retaining commercial franchising rights to the 'Dota' intellectual property, while allowing non-commercial use of the name by third-parties.[53] In 2017, Valve's ownership of it was again challenged, after a 2004 internet forum post from Eul was brought to light by a Chinese company known as uCool, who had released a mobile game in 2014 that used characters from the Dota universe.[54] uCool, who was previously involved in a lawsuit with Blizzard in 2015 for similar reasons,[55] along with another Chinese company, Lilith Games, argued that the forum post invalidated any ownership claims of the intellectual property, stating that the Dota property was an open-source, collective work that could not be copyrighted by anyone in particular.[54][56] Judge Charles R. Breyer denied uCool's motion for summary dismissal.[54][57] In March 2018, Blizzard filed motions to dismiss all claims against uCool and Lilith with prejudice.[58]
An early goal of the Dota 2 team was the adaptation of Defense of the Ancients's aesthetic style for the Source engine.[49] The Radiant and Dire factions replaced the Sentinel and Scourge from the mod, respectively. Character names, abilities, items and map design from the mod were largely retained, with some changes due to trademarks owned by Blizzard. In the first Q&A session regarding Dota 2, IceFrog explained that the game would build upon the mod without making significant changes to its core.[47] Valve contracted major contributors from the Defense of the Ancients community, including Eul and artist Kendrick Lim, to assist with the sequel.[59] Additional contributions from sources outside of Valve were also sought regularly for Dota 2, as to continue Defense of the Ancients's tradition of community-sourced development.[60] One of the composers of Warcraft III: Reign of Chaos, Jason Hayes, was hired to collaborate with Tim Larkin to write the original score for the game, which was conducted by Timothy Williams and performed and recorded by the Northwest Sinfonia at Bastyr University.[61][62] Valve had Half-Life series writer Marc Laidlaw, science fiction author Ted Kosmatka, and Steam support employee Kris Katz write new dialog and background lore for the heroes.[63][64] Notable voice actors for heroes include Nolan North, Dave Fennoy, Jon St. John, Ellen McLain, Fred Tatasciore, Merle Dandridge, Jen Taylor, and John Patrick Lowrie.[65]
The Source engine itself was updated with new features to accommodate Dota 2, such as high-end cloth modeling and improved global lighting.[49] The game features Steam integration, which provides its social component and cloud storage for personal settings. In November 2013, Valve introduced a coaching system that allows experienced players to tutor newer players with in-game tools.[66] As with previous Valve multiplayer games, players are able to spectate live matches of Dota 2 played by others,[66] and local area network (LAN) multiplayer support allows for local competitions.[67][68] Some of these events may be spectated via the purchase of tickets from the 'Dota Store', which give players in-game access to matches. Ticket fees are apportioned in part to tournament organizers.[69] The game also features an in-game fantasy sports system, which is modeled after traditional fantasy sports and feature professional Dota 2 players and teams.[70] Players are also able to spectate games in virtual reality (VR) with up to 15 others, which was added in an update in July 2016.[71] The update also added a hero showcase mode, which allows players to see all of the heroes and their cosmetics full-size in virtual reality.[72]
As part of a plan to develop Dota 2 into a social network, Newell announced in April 2012 that the game would be free-to-play, and that community contributions would be a cornerstone feature.[73] Instead, revenue is generated through the 'Dota Store', which offers for-purchase cosmetic virtual goods, such as custom armor and weapons for their heroes.[74] It was also announced that the full roster of heroes would be available at launch for free.[75] Until the game's official release in 2013, players were able to purchase an early access bundle, which included a digital copy of Dota 2 and several cosmetic items.[76] Included as optional downloadable content (DLC), the Dota 2 Workshop Tools are a set of Source 2 software development kit (SDK) tools that allow content creators to create new cosmetics for the heroes themselves, as well as custom game modes, maps, and bot scripts.[77][78][79] Highly rated cosmetics, through the Steam Workshop, are available in the in-game store if they are accepted by Valve. This model was fashioned after Valve's Team Fortress 2, which had earned Workshop designers of cosmetic items of that game over $3.5 million by June 2011.[75] Newell revealed that the average Steam Workshop contributor for Dota 2 and Team Fortess 2 made approximately $15,000 from their creations in 2013.[80] By 2015, sales of Dota 2 virtual goods had earned Valve over $238 million in revenue, according to the digital game market research group SuperData.[81] In 2016, Valve introduced the 'Custom Game Pass' option for creators of custom game modes, which allows them to be funded by way of microtransactions by adding exclusive features, content, and other changes to their game mode for players who buy it.[82]
Dota 2 includes a seasonal Elo rating-based matchmaking system, which is measured by a numerical value known as 'matchmaking rating' (MMR) that is tracked separately for core and support roles, and ranked into different tiers. MMR is updated based on if a player won or lost, which will then increase or decrease respectively.[83] The game's servers, known as the 'Game Coordinator',[84][85] attempts to balance both teams based on each player's MMR, with each team having roughly a 50% chance to win in any given game.[83] Ranked game modes with a separately tracked MMR are also available, which primarily differ from unranked games by making MMR publicly visible, as well as requiring the registration of a phone number to their accounts, which help foster a more competitive environment.[83][86] To ensure that each player's ranking is up to date and accurate, MMR is recalibrated around every six months.[87][88] Players with the highest possible medal rank are listed by Valve on an online leaderboard, separated into North American, European, Southeast Asian, and Chinese regions.[89] The game also includes a report system, which allows players to punish player behavior that intentionally provides a negative experience.[90] Players who get reported enough or leave a number of games before they have finished, a practice known in-game as 'abandoning', are then placed into 'low priority' matchmaking, which remains on a player's account until they win a specific number of games, and only groups them with other players who also have the same punishment.[91][92] Other features include an improved replay system from Defense of the Ancients, in which a completed game can be downloaded in-client and viewed by anyone at a later time, and the 'hero builds' feature, which provide integrated guides created by the community that highlight to the player on how to play their hero.[93]
Dota 2 Reborn
In June 2015, Valve announced that the entirety of Dota 2 would be ported over to their Source 2 game engine in an update called Dota 2 Reborn.[94]Reborn was first released as an opt-in beta update that same month,[95] and officially replaced the original client in September 2015, making it the first game to use the engine.[96]Reborn included a new user interface framework design, ability for custom game modes created by the community, and the full replacement of the original Source engine with Source 2.[97] Largely attributed to technical difficulties players experienced with the update, the global player base experienced a sharp drop of approximately sixteen percent the month following the release of it.[98] However, after various updates and patches, over a million concurrent players were playing again by the beginning of 2016, with that number being the largest in nearly a year.[99] The move to Source 2 also allowed the use of the Vulkan graphics API, which was released as an optional feature in May 2016, making Dota 2 one of the first games to offer it.[100]
Release
Gamescom 2011 in Cologne, where the game was first made playable to the public
Dota 2 was first made available to the public at Gamescom in 2011, coinciding with the inaugural International championship, the game's premier esport tournament event. At the event, Valve began sending out closed beta invitations to DotA players and attendees for the Microsoft Windows version of the game.[101] Although the game was originally meant to publicly release in 2012, Valve later scrapped that plan as it would have kept the game in its closed beta state for over a year. Due to that, Valve lifted the non-disclosure agreement and transitioned the game into open beta in September 2011, allowing players to discuss the game and their experiences publicly.[102][103]
Following nearly two years of beta testing, Dota 2 was officially released on Steam for Windows on July 9, 2013, and for OS X and Linux on July 18, 2013.[104][105][106] The game did not launch with every hero from Defense of the Ancients. Instead, the missing ones were added in various post-release updates, with the final one, as well as the first Dota 2 original hero, being added in 2016.[107][108] Two months following the game's release, Newell claimed that updates to Dota 2 generated up to three percent of global internet traffic.[109] In December 2013, the final restrictions against unlimited global access to Dota 2 were lifted after the game's infrastructure and servers were substantially bolstered.[110] In order to abide by the standards set by the economic legislation of specific countries, Valve opted to contract with nationally based developers for publishing. In October 2012, Chinese game publisher Perfect World announced they had received distribution rights for the game in the country.[111] The Chinese client also has a region-specific 'Low Violence' mode, which censors and changes most depictions of blood, gore, and skulls in order for the game to follow censorship policies of the country.[112][113] In November 2012, a similar publishing deal was made with the South Korea-based game company Nexon to distribute and market the game in the country, as well as in Japan.[114] Three years later, Nexon announced they would no longer be operating servers for Dota 2, with Valve taking over direct distribution and marketing of the game in those regions.[115]
In December 2016, Dota 2 was updated to gameplay version 7.00, also known as 'The New Journey' update.[116][117][118] Prior to the update, the Dota series had been in version 6.xx for over a decade, marking the first major revision since IceFrog originally took over development of the original mod in the mid 2000s.[118] The New Journey update added and changed numerous features and mechanics of the game, including adding the first original hero not ported over from Defense of the Ancients, a reworked map, a redesigned HUD, a pre-game phase that allows for players to discuss their team strategy, and a 'Talent Tree' hero augmentation system.[117][118] In April 2017, Valve announced changes to the game's ranked matchmaking system, with the main one requiring the registration of a unique phone number to a player's account in order to play them, an anti-griefing and smurfing practice they had previously implemented in their first-person shooter game, Counter-Strike: Global Offensive.[86][119] Further changes to the game's matchmaking were brought in an update in November 2017, where the old numerical MMR system was replaced by a seasonal one based on eight ranked 'medals' that are recalibrated around every six months, a move that brought the game's ranked system closer to ones used in other competitive games such as Global Offensive, StarCraft, and League of Legends.[120][121][122]
In early 2018, IceFrog announced that he and Valve would begin on a different way to handle gameplay balance updates for the game. Instead of releasing larger updates irregularly throughout the year, smaller ones would be released on a set schedule of every two weeks.[123][124]Around the same time, the game also introduced the 'Dota Plus' monthly subscription system that replaced the seasonal battle passes that were released to coincide with a Major tournament. In addition to offering everything battle passes previously did, Dota Plus added new features such as a hero-specific achievement system that reward players who complete them with exclusive cosmetics, as well as providing hero and game analytics and statistics gathered from thousands of recent games.[125]
Esports
The largest Dota 2 tournaments often have prize pools totaling millions of dollars. Shown here is The International 2018, which was a $25 million tournament hosted at the Rogers Arena in Vancouver.
To ensure that enough Defense of the Ancients players would take up Dota 2 and to promote the game to a new audience, Valve invited sixteen accomplished Defense of the Ancientsesports teams to compete at a Dota 2-specific tournament at Gamescom in August 2011, which later became an annually held event known as The International.[126] From The International 2013 onward, its prize pool began to be crowdfunded through a type of in-game battle pass called the 'Compendium', which raises money from players buying them and connected lootboxes to get exclusive in-game cosmetics and other bonuses offered through them.[127][128] 25% of all the revenue made from Compendiums go directly to the prize pool, with sales from the 2013 battle pass raising over US$2.8 million, which made it the largest prize pool in esports history at the time.[129][130] Each iteration of The International since then has surpassed the previous one's prize pool, with the most recent one, The International 2019, having one at over $34 million.[131][132]
During its beta phase in the early 2010s, several other esport events would begin hosting Dota 2 events, including the Electronic Sports World Cup,[133]DreamHack,[134]World Cyber Games,[135] and ESL.[136] By the end of 2011, Dota 2 was already one of the highest-paying esport games, second only to StarCraft II.[137] At E3 2013, South Korean company Nexon announced the investment of ₩2 billion (approximately US$1.7 million) into local leagues in the country, which coincided with their distribution partnership with Valve for the game.[138] In February 2015, Valve sponsored Dota 2 Asia Championships was held in Shanghai with a prize pool of over $3 million, raised through compendium sales.[139][140] Since then, other Dota 2 Asia Championships have taken place, with it being sometimes being referred to as the 'Chinese International'.[141][142] In total, professional Dota 2 tournaments had earned teams and players over $100 million by June 2017, with over half of that being awarded at the International tournaments, making it the highest earning esport game by a margin of nearly $60 million.[143]
As with traditional sporting events, most major Dota 2 events feature pre- and post-game discussion by a panel of analysts (left), with in-match casting being done by play-by-play and color commentators (right).
From late 2015 until early 2017, Valve sponsored a series of smaller-scale, seasonally held tournaments known as the Dota Major Championships, which all had fixed prize pools of US$3 million.[144][145] Their format was based on the tournament series of the same name that Valve also sponsored for their first-person shooter game, Counter-Strike: Global Offensive. Including The International 2016 and 2017, which were considered to be the cumulative Major of their respective seasons,[144][146] the series had five other events, which were the Frankfurt Major,[147]Shanghai Major,[148]Manila Major,[149]Boston Major,[150] and Kiev Major.[151] Following the International 2017, the Majors were replaced with the Dota Pro Circuit (DPC) format due to criticism by teams and fans for Valve's non-transparent and unpredictable nature for handing out International invitations.[152][153][154] In the DPC, teams are awarded qualification points for their performance in sponsored tournaments, with the top twelve earning direct invites to that season's International.[155] To avoid conflicting dates with other tournaments, Valve directly manages the scheduling of them.[154]
The primary medium for professional Dota 2 coverage is through the video game live streaming platform, Twitch.tv. For most major events, tournament coverage is done by a selection of dedicated esports organizations and personnel who provide on-site commentary, analysis, match predictions, and player interviews surrounding the event in progress, similar to traditional sporting events.[156][157] Live Dota 2 games and coverage have also been simulcast on television networks around the world, such as ESPN in the United States,[158][159]BBC Three in the United Kingdom,[160]Sport1 in Germany,[161]TV 2 Zulu in Denmark,[162]Xinwen Lianbo in China,[163]Astro in Malaysia,[164] and TV5 in the Philippines.[165]
Reception
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Dota 2 received 'universal acclaim' according to review aggregatorMetacritic,[166] and has been listed by multiple publications as one of the greatest video games of all time.[176][177][178][179] In a preview of the game in 2012, Rich McCormick of PC Gamer thought that Dota 2 was 'an unbelievably deep and complex game that offers the purest sequel to the original Defense of the Ancients. Rewarding like few others, but tough'.[180] Adam Biessener, the editor who authored the announcement article for Dota 2 for Game Informer in 2010, praised Valve for maintaining the same mechanics and game balance that made Defense of the Ancients successful nearly a decade prior[16] and Quintin Smith of Eurogamer described Dota 2 as the 'supreme form of the MOBA which everyone else working in the genre is trying to capture like lightning in a bottle'.[169] The most frequently praised aspects of the game were its depth, delivery, and overall balance. Chris Thursten of PC Gamer described the gameplay as being 'deep and rewarding'.[173]
Martin Gaston of GameSpot complimented Valve for the artistic design and delivery of Dota 2, citing the execution of the user interface design, voice acting, and characterization as exceeding those of the game's competitors.[170] Phill Cameron of IGN and James Kozanitis of Hardcore Gamer both praised Dota 2 for its free-to-play business model that was not affected by cosmetic items, with Kozanitis stating that Dota 2 was 'the only game to do free-to-play right'.[171][181] Nick Kolan of IGN also agreed, comparing the game's business model to Valve's Team Fortress 2, which uses a nearly identical system.[182] Post-release additions to the game were also praised, such as the addition of virtual reality (VR) support in 2016. Ben Kuchera of Polygon thought that spectating games in VR was 'amazing', comparing it to being able to watch an American football game on television with the ability to jump onto the field at any time to see the quarterback's point of view.[183] Chris Thursten of PC Gamer agreed, calling the experience 'incredible' and unlike any other esports spectating system that existed prior to it.[184] Sam Machkovech of Ars Technica also praised the addition, believing that the functionality could 'attract serious attention from gamers and non-gamers alike'.[185]
While the majority of reviewers gave Dota 2 highly positive reviews, a common criticism was that the game maintains a steep learning curve that requires exceptional commitment to overcome. While providing a moderately positive review that praised Valve's product stability, Fredrik Åslund from the Swedish division of Gamereactor described his first match of Dota 2 as one of the most humiliating and inhospitable experiences of his gaming career, citing the learning curve and players' attitudes as unwelcoming.[186] Benjamin Danneberg of GameStar alluded to the learning curve as a 'learning cliff', calling the newcomer's experience to be painful, with the tutorial feature new to the Dota franchise only being partially successful.[187] In a review for the Metro newspaper, Dota 2 was criticized for not compensating for the flaws with the learning curve from Defense of the Ancients, as well as the sometimes hostile community, which is commonly criticized in multiplayer online battle arena games.[188] Peter Bright of Ars Technica also directed criticism at the ability for third-party websites to allow skin gambling and betting on match results, similar to controversies that also existed with Valve's Counter-Strike: Global Offensive.[189] Using Dota 2 as an example, Bright thought that Valve had built gambling elements directly into their games, and had issues with the unregulated practice, which he said was often used by underage players and regions where gambling is illegal.[189] Australian senator Nick Xenophon had similar sentiment, stating that he wanted to introduce legislation in his country to minimize underage access to gambling within video games, including Dota 2.[190] In response to the controversy, Valve and Dota 2 project manager, Erik Johnson, stated that they would be taking action against the third-party sites as the practice was not allowed by their user agreements or API.[191]
Comparisons of Dota 2 to other MOBA games are commonplace, with the game's mechanics and business model often being directly compared with League of Legends and Heroes of the Storm.[182][192][193][194] Contrasting it with League of Legends, T.J. Hafer of PC Gamer called Dota 2 the 'superior experience', stating that he thought the game was 'all about counterplay', with most of the heroes being designed to directly counter another.[195] Hafer also preferred the way the game handled its hero selection pool, with all of them being unlocked right from the start, unlike in League of Legends.[195] Comparing Dota 2 to Heroes of the Storm, Jason Parker of CNET said that while Heroes of the Storm was easier to get into, the complexities and depth of Dota 2 would be appreciated more by those who put in the time to master it.[196] Further comparing it to Heroes of Newerth, players from the professional Dota 2 team OG said that most Heroes of Newerth players were able to transition over easily to the game, due to the strong similarities that both games share.[197] Similar to other highly competitive online games, Dota 2 is often considered to have a hostile and 'toxic' community.[198][199][200] In 2019, a report by the Anti-Defamation League found that up to 79% of the game's playerbase had reported being harassed in some way while playing it, which topped their list.[201]
Awards
Following its reveal in 2011, Dota 2 won IGN's People's Choice Award.[202] In December 2012, PC Gamer listed Dota 2 as a nominee for their Game of the Year award, as well as the best esports game of the year.[203] In 2013, Dota 2 won the esport game of the year award from PC Gamer[204] and onGamers.[205]GameTrailers also awarded the game the award for Best PC Game of 2013,[206] with IGN also awarding it the Best PC Strategy & Tactics Game, Best PC Multiplayer Game, and People's Choice Award.[207][208] Similarly, Game Informer recognized Dota 2 for the categories of Best PC Exclusive, Best Competitive Multiplayer and Best Strategy of 2013.[209] The same year, Dota 2 was nominated for a number of Game of the Year awards by Destructoid, including the award for the best competitive game. While the staff selected StarCraft II: Heart of the Swarm, Dota 2 received the majority of the votes distributed between the nine nominees.[210]Dota 2 was later nominated for the best multiplayer game at the 10th British Academy Games Awards in 2014, but lost to Grand Theft Auto V,[211] and was nominated for Esports Game of the Year at The Game Awards at its 2015, 2016, and 2017 events,[212][213][214] while winning the award for best MOBA at the 2015 Global Game Awards.[215] The game was also nominated for the community created 'Love/Hate Relationship' award at the inaugural Steam Awards in 2016.[216] Through 2017–2018, the game was nominated for Choice Video Game at the 2017 Teen Choice Awards,[217] for Esports Game of the Year at the Golden Joystick Awards and National Academy of Video Game Trade Reviewers Awards,[218][219][220][221] and as IGN's best spectator game.[222]
Legacy
A fan cosplaying as Juggernaut, one of the game's 117 playable characters
A month prior to its official launch, Dota 2 was already the most played game on Steam with a concurrent player count of nearly 330,000, which outweighed the number of players for the rest of platform's top ten most-played games combined.[223][224][225] It remained as the most played game by concurrent players on the platform for four years,[226][227] having a peak of over one million and never dropping below first place for any extended period of time until being surpassed by PlayerUnknown's Battlegrounds in 2017.[228][229][230] Viewership and followings of professional Dota 2 leagues and tournaments are also popular, with peak viewership numbers of some events reaching upwards in the millions.[231][232][233] Some Asian schools and universities, such as the Asia Pacific University of Technology & Innovation in Malaysia, have held courses on Dota 2, teaching students the fundamentals and core skills to use during the game.[234][235]Dota 2 has also been a part of traditional multi-sport events, such as under the esports category of the 2017 Asian Indoor and Martial Arts Games.[236]
The Aegis of Champions
The popularity of Dota 2 led Valve to produce apparel, accessories, figurines, and a number of other products featuring the heroes and other elements from the game. In addition, Valve secured licensing contracts with third-party producers; the first of these deals concerned a Dota 2 themed SteelSeriesmousepad, which was announced alongside the game at Gamescom 2011.[237] In September 2012, Weta Workshop, the prop studio that creates the 'Aegis of Champions' trophy for winners of The International,[238] announced a product line that would include statues, weapons, and armor based on Dota 2 characters and items.[239] In February 2013, the National Entertainment Collectibles Association announced a new toy line featuring hero-themed action figures at the American International Toy Fair.[240] At Gamescom 2015, an HTC Vivevirtual reality (VR) tech demo based around the shopkeeper of the game's item shop was showcased, allowing participants to interact with various items and objects from the game in VR.[241] The demo, known as Secret Shop, was later included the following year on The Lab, Valve's virtual reality compilation game.[242] After the conclusion of The International 2015, Valve awarded the Collector's Aegis of Champions, a brass replica of the Aegis of Champions award trophy, to those with compendiums of 1,000 levels or more.[243] Valve awarded the Collector's Aegis again the following year for The International 2016, as well as selling a limited edition Dota 2 themed HTC Vive virtual reality headset during the event.[244][245] In July 2017, an 18-track official soundtrack was released by Ipecac Recordings, including a version on vinyl.[246] A digital collectible card game designed by Magic: The Gathering creator Richard Garfield and Valve, titled Artifact, was released for PC-platforms in November 2018, and is planned for iOS and Android devices sometime in 2019.[247][248][249][250]
Promotional tie-ins to other video games and media have been added to Dota 2 since release, including custom Half-Life 2,[251]Bastion,[251]Portal,[252]The Stanley Parable,[253]Rick and Morty,[254]Fallout 4,[255]Deus Ex: Mankind Divided,[256] and Darkest Dungeon[257] announcer packs, which replace the game's default announcer with ones based on those franchises. In addition to announcer packs, well-known musical artists have written music packs that can replace the game's default soundtrack, such as electronic music artist deadmau5 and Singaporean songwriter JJ Lin.[258][259][260] To coincide with the Windows release of Square Enix's Final Fantasy Type-0 HD in August 2015, a bundle containing a custom loading screen, a Moogle ward, and a Chocobo courier were added the same month.[261] In April 2016, Valve announced a cross-promotional workshop contest for Sega's Total War: Warhammer, with the winning entries being included in the game later that year.[262] In 2017, a cosmetic set based on the Companion Cube from the Portal series was released as part of that year's International battle pass for the hero known as 'Io'.[263] In December of the same year, the character Amaterasu from Capcom's Ōkami was included as a courier for those who had pre-ordered the PC release of the game.[264]
Physical props, based on items from the game, being sold as merchandise at The International 2012
A documentary on the game and its professional scene was produced by Valve and released in March 2014. Known as Free to Play, the film follows three players during their time at the first International in 2011.[265] American basketball player Jeremy Lin, who was a media sensation at the time, had a guest appearance in the film, where he called the game 'a way of life'.[266] Lin later compared the game and the professional gaming scene in general to basketball and other traditional sporting events, saying that there was not much of a difference between the two,[267] while also comparing various NBAall-stars, such as Stephen Curry, Kobe Bryant, and LeBron James, to different heroes in the game.[268]Starting in 2016, Valve began producing an episodic documentary series titled True Sight, a spiritual successor to Free to Play.[269] The first three episodes followed the professional teams Evil Geniuses and Fnatic during the Boston Major tournament in late 2016.[269] Three more episodes were released over the next two years, focusing on the grand finals of the Kiev Major, The International 2017, and The International 2018.[270][271][272] Valve have also endorsed cosplay competitions featuring the game's heroes, which take place during downtime at some Dota 2 tournaments and feature prize pools of their own.[273][274][275] Creation of Dota 2-themed animations and CGI videos, mostly created by the community with Source Filmmaker, also take place.[276] Similar to the cosplay competitions, Valve holds short film contests every year at The International, with winners of the competition also being awarded prize money.[277][278] In addition, Valve have created free webcomics featuring some of the heroes, further detailing their background lore.[279][280][281] A physical collection of the comics was released as Dota 2: The Comic Collection by Dark Horse Comics in August 2017.[282]
Dota 2 has also been used in machine learning experiments, with the American artificial intelligence research company OpenAI curating a system, known as the OpenAI Five, that allows bots to learn how to play the game at a high skill level entirely through trial-and-error algorithms. The bots learn over time by playing against itself hundreds a times a day for months in a system that OpenAI calls 'reinforcement learning', in which they are rewarded for actions such as killing an enemy and destroying towers.[283][284][285][286] Demonstrations of the bots playing against professional players have occurred at a number of events, such as Dendi, a professional Ukrainian player of the game, losing to one of them in a live 1v1 matchup at The International 2017.[287][288] A year later, the ability of the bots had increased to work together as a full team of five, known as the OpenAI Five, who then played and won against a team of semi-professional players in a demonstration game in August 2018.[289] Shortly after, OpenAI Five then played two live games against more skilled players at The International 2018.[290][291] Although the bots lost both games, OpenAI considered it a successful venture by stating that playing against some of the best players in Dota 2 allowed them to analyze and adjust their algorithms for future games.[292]
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|deadurl=
(help) - ^Michael, Cale. 'At least one player leaves in 11.7 percent of all Dota 2 matches'. Dot Esports. Archived from the original on July 17, 2019. Retrieved July 17, 2019.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|dead-url=
(help) - ^'Hero Builds'. Dota 2. Archived from the original on July 23, 2016. Retrieved July 12, 2016.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|deadurl=
(help) - ^Martin, Michael. 'Valve Announces Dota 2 Reborn'. IGN. Archived from the original on June 29, 2016. Retrieved July 10, 2016.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|deadurl=
(help) - ^Livingston, Christopher (June 12, 2015). 'Valve announces Dota 2 Reborn, new engine coming'. PC Gamer. Archived from the original on June 15, 2015. Retrieved June 13, 2015.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|deadurl=
(help) - ^Macy, Seth. 'Dota 2 Now Valve's First Ever Source 2 Game'. IGN. Archived from the original on September 10, 2015. Retrieved September 9, 2015.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|deadurl=
(help) - ^Hussain, Tamoor. 'Dota 2 Officially Reborn on Source 2, Numerous Changes Introduced'. GameSpot. Archived from the original on July 15, 2016. Retrieved August 1, 2016.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|deadurl=
(help) - ^LeJacq, Yannick (September 30, 2015). 'Dota 2 Lost A Ton Of Players In September'. Kotaku. Archived from the original on October 13, 2015. Retrieved October 12, 2015.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|deadurl=
(help) - ^Whittaker, Matt. 'Dota 2 Hits One Million Concurrent Users on New Engine'. Hardcore Gamer. Archived from the original on July 14, 2016.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|deadurl=
(help) - ^Paul, Ian. 'Steam's most popular game just added support for Vulkan, DirectX 12's more open rival'. PC World. Archived from the original on June 29, 2016. Retrieved July 10, 2016.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|deadurl=
(help) - ^Onyett, Charles (August 17, 2011). 'Gamescom: When Do We Get to Play Dota 2?'. IGN. Archived from the original on November 9, 2012.
- ^Yin-Poole, Wesley (August 18, 2011). 'Newell: Dota 2 won't ship until 2012'. Eurogamer. Archived from the original on December 25, 2012.
- ^Devore, Jordan (September 22, 2011). 'A change of plans at Valve means we'll get Dota 2 sooner'. Destructoid. Archived from the original on May 20, 2012.
- ^Hernandez, Patricia (July 9, 2013). 'Valve Finally 'Releases' DOTA 2'. Kotaku. Archived from the original on July 15, 2013. Retrieved July 9, 2013.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|deadurl=
(help) - ^McDonald, Tim. 'Dota 2 patch adds Linux and Mac support, plus customisable chat wheel'. incgamers.com. IncGamers. Archived from the original on July 21, 2013. Retrieved July 19, 2013.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|deadurl=
(help) - ^Sliwinski, Alexander (July 10, 2013). 'Dota 2 launching now, officially'. Joystiq. Archived from the original on February 9, 2015.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|deadurl=
(help) - ^Thursten, Chris. 'New Dota 2 hero Underlord revealed at The International'. PC Gamer. Archived from the original on August 12, 2016. Retrieved August 12, 2016.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|deadurl=
(help) - ^Thursten, Chris. 'Valve announce Monkey King, the first Dota 2 hero that isn't a port from DotA'. PC Gamer. Archived from the original on August 15, 2016. Retrieved August 16, 2016.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|deadurl=
(help) - ^Warr, Philippa (September 17, 2013). 'Gabe Newell: Dota 2 updates generate three percent of global internet traffic'. Wired UK. Archived from the original on February 26, 2014.
- ^Savage, Phil (December 17, 2013). 'Dota 2 scraps sign-ups, boasts 6.5 million active monthly users'. PC Gamer. Archived from the original on December 18, 2013. Retrieved December 18, 2013.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|deadurl=
(help) - ^'Perfect World and Valve Announce Exclusive Rights for Perfect World to Operate Dota 2 in Mainland China'. PR Newswire. October 18, 2012. Archived from the original on June 1, 2014.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|deadurl=
(help) - ^Strom, Steven. ''Low Violence' Mode Highlights Dota's Smart Design'. Red Bull. Archived from the original on June 3, 2016. Retrieved July 11, 2016.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|deadurl=
(help) - ^'Weekend time-waster: original Dota 2 icons vs. censored Chinese versions'. Techinasia. Archived from the original on August 20, 2016. Retrieved July 11, 2016.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|deadurl=
(help) - ^'Nexon and Valve Partner to Launch Dota 2 in Korea and Japan' (Press release). Business Wire. November 8, 2012. Archived from the original on November 13, 2012. Retrieved November 9, 2012.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|deadurl=
(help) - ^Walker, Alex. 'Nexon Shutting Down South Korean Dota 2 Servers, Steam Taking Over'. Kotaku. Archived from the original on November 12, 2015. Retrieved November 12, 2015.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|deadurl=
(help) - ^'7.00 Update – The New Journey Begins'. Dota 2 Blog. Archived from the original on December 13, 2016. Retrieved December 13, 2016.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|deadurl=
(help) - ^ abPereira, Chris. 'Massive Dota 2 Patch Revamps the Game and Adds New Character'. GameSpot. Archived from the original on December 16, 2016. Retrieved December 13, 2016.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|deadurl=
(help) - ^ abcThursten, Chris. 'Why Dota 2's 7.00 update is such a big deal'. PC Gamer. Archived from the original on February 10, 2017. Retrieved December 13, 2016.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|deadurl=
(help) - ^Orland, Kyle. 'Valve asks for phone numbers to confirm Dota 2 player identities'. Ars Technica. Archived from the original on April 22, 2017. Retrieved April 21, 2017.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|deadurl=
(help) - ^Donnelly, Joe. 'Dota 2 gets multi-tiered Rank Medal system'. PC Gamer. Archived from the original on December 1, 2017. Retrieved November 25, 2017.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|deadurl=
(help) - ^Rose, Victoria. 'Dota 2's new Ranked MMR system released for all players'. The Flying Courier. Polygon. Archived from the original on December 1, 2017. Retrieved November 25, 2017.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|deadurl=
(help) - ^Rose, Victoria. 'New Dota 2 ranked season begins today with medal changes'. The Flying Courier. Polygon. Archived from the original on June 7, 2018. Retrieved June 9, 2018.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|dead-url=
(help) - ^Rose, Victoria. 'Icefrog: Minor Dota 2 gameplay patches to occur every two weeks'. The Flying Courier. Polygon. Archived from the original on February 1, 2018. Retrieved February 1, 2018.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|deadurl=
(help) - ^Chalk, Andy. 'Dota 2 is moving to a bi-weekly update schedule'. PC Gamer. Archived from the original on February 8, 2018. Retrieved February 7, 2018.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|deadurl=
(help) - ^Pereira, Chris. 'Valve Overhauls Dota 2 Battle Pass With Subscription-Based Dota Plus'. GameSpot. Retrieved March 12, 2018.
- ^Reilly, Jim (August 1, 2011). 'Valve Goes Big with Dota 2 Tournament'. IGN. Archived from the original on November 9, 2012.
- ^'Introducing the Interactive Compendium'. Dota 2. Archived from the original on August 11, 2016. Retrieved July 7, 2016.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|deadurl=
(help) - ^Van Allen, Eric. 'How Exactly Does Dota 2 Come Up With Over $20 Million In Prizes For Its Biggest Event?'. Kotaku. Archived from the original on July 14, 2017. Retrieved July 14, 2017.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|deadurl=
(help) - ^Gaston, Martin (May 16, 2013). 'Dota 2's The International 3 reaches $2m prize pool'. GameSpot. Archived from the original on November 18, 2013.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|deadurl=
(help) - ^Schulenberg, Thomas (August 4, 2013). 'The International 3 begins, Prize pool of over $2.8 million'. Joystiq. Archived from the original on August 7, 2013. Retrieved August 15, 2013.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|deadurl=
(help) - ^Kharpal, Arjun; Roy Choudhury, Saheli. 'Pro video gamers are making millions by age 30 in the booming world of 'esports''. CNBC. Archived from the original on October 4, 2018. Retrieved October 4, 2018.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|dead-url=
(help) - ^Michael, Cale. 'The International 2019 prize pool surpasses $34 million with one day left'. Dot Esports. Retrieved September 12, 2019.
- ^Strisland, Jonas (October 25, 2011). 'ESWC: DotA 2 Final'. Cadred. Archived from the original on June 5, 2012.
- ^'DreamHack Corsair Vengeance Dota 2 Championship'. DreamHack. November 2, 2011. Archived from the original on July 25, 2012.
- ^Hanten, Ulrich (December 2012). 'WCG 2012: DotA and Dota 2 groups drawn'. Gosu Gamers. Archived from the original on March 3, 2013. Retrieved March 3, 2013.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|deadurl=
(help) - ^Savage, Phil (January 28, 2013). 'ESL announce the largest independent Dota 2 competition so far'. PC Gamer. Archived from the original on March 3, 2013. Retrieved March 3, 2013.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|deadurl=
(help) - ^Macdonald, Stuart (January 7, 2012). 'PGT outlines best paying games of 2011'. SK Gaming. Archived from the original on May 28, 2012.
- ^Horton, Samuel (June 13, 2012). 'Nexon to invest $1.7 million in Dota 2'. SK Gaming. Archived from the original on September 16, 2013.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|deadurl=
(help) - ^Strom, Steven. 'The Eastern International'. Red Bull. Archived from the original on February 16, 2016. Retrieved July 12, 2016.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|deadurl=
(help) - ^Bester, Alan. 'The Great Chinese Collapse of the Shanghai Major'. ESPN. Archived from the original on July 3, 2016. Retrieved July 12, 2016.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|deadurl=
(help) - ^Elliott, Travis. 'Dota 2 Asia Championships Main Event: Invictus tops OG in finals'. ESPN. Archived from the original on June 12, 2018. Retrieved June 29, 2018.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|dead-url=
(help) - ^Rose, Victoria. 'Dota 2 Asia Championship 2018 schedule, format and teams'. The Flying Courier. Polygon. Archived from the original on June 29, 2018. Retrieved June 29, 2018.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|dead-url=
(help) - ^Stubbs, Mike. 'Dota 2's $100 million milestone, visualised'. redbull.com. Archived from the original on December 2, 2017. Retrieved June 27, 2017.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|deadurl=
(help) - ^ abSykes, Tom. 'Dota 2 Major Championships announced'. PC Gamer. Archived from the original on April 2, 2016. Retrieved June 14, 2016.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|deadurl=
(help) - ^Dyer, Mitch (April 24, 2015). 'Valve Announces The Dota 2 Major Championships'. IGN. Archived from the original on November 18, 2015. Retrieved November 15, 2015.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|deadurl=
(help) - ^Sutterlin, Alan. 'The postive impact of Valve's Majors format on the Dota 2 esports scene'. ESPN. Archived from the original on April 21, 2016. Retrieved June 27, 2016.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|deadurl=
(help) - ^Porter, Matt. 'Dota 2 Major Announced for Frankfurt'. IGN. Archived from the original on September 6, 2016. Retrieved October 13, 2016.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|deadurl=
(help) - ^Thursten, Chris. 'Valve have announced the Dota 2 Shanghai Major'. PC Gamer. Archived from the original on November 25, 2015. Retrieved December 1, 2015.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|deadurl=
(help) - ^Campbell, Evan. 'Dota 2: Manila Major Announced for June 2016'. IGN.com. Archived from the original on January 17, 2016. Retrieved January 19, 2016.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|deadurl=
(help) - ^Good, Owen. 'Dota 2's second championship season begins with The Boston Major'. Polygon. Archived from the original on October 5, 2016. Retrieved October 5, 2016.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|deadurl=
(help) - ^Van Allen, Eric. 'Valve announces dates for 2017 Dota 2 season'. ESPN. Archived from the original on November 11, 2016. Retrieved November 10, 2016.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|deadurl=
(help) - ^Savov, Vlad. 'Valve is rebooting its Dota 2 tournaments for a more democratic and 'organic' approach'. The Verge. Archived from the original on August 5, 2017. Retrieved July 4, 2017.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|deadurl=
(help) - ^Chalk, Andy. 'Valve is eliminating the Dota 2 Majors for the 2017-18 season'. PC Gamer. Archived from the original on July 5, 2017. Retrieved July 4, 2017.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|deadurl=
(help) - ^ abGach, Ethan. 'Valve Announces Big Changes To Dota 2's Tournament Structure Going Forward'. Kotaku. Archived from the original on July 10, 2017. Retrieved July 4, 2017.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|deadurl=
(help) - ^'Dota Pro Circuit'. dota2.com. Archived from the original on October 19, 2017. Retrieved November 22, 2017.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|deadurl=
(help) - ^Makuch, Eddie (August 13, 2013). 'The International hits 1 million concurrent viewers'. GameSpot. Archived from the original on September 4, 2016. Retrieved April 1, 2014.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|deadurl=
(help) - ^Van Allen, Eric. 'TobiWan: The voice of Dota 2'. ESPN. Archived from the original on August 6, 2016. Retrieved August 6, 2016.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|deadurl=
(help) - ^Schwartz, Nick. 'ESPN embraces esports, broadcasts Dota 2 championship 'The International''. ESPN. Archived from the original on July 16, 2016. Retrieved June 29, 2016.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|deadurl=
(help) - ^Lewis, Richard. 'ESPN 'delighted' with 'Dota 2' numbers, looking to expand deeper into esports'. Daily Dot. Archived from the original on July 29, 2016. Retrieved June 29, 2016.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|deadurl=
(help) - ^Ridsdale, Jack. 'BBC Three will broadcast Dota 2 matches this weekend'. PCGamesN. Archived from the original on November 29, 2018. Retrieved November 28, 2018.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|dead-url=
(help) - ^Lund-Hansen, Rasmus. 'German TV to broadcast ESL One Dota tournament'. gamereactor.eu. Archived from the original on June 20, 2016. Retrieved June 29, 2016.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|deadurl=
(help) - ^'The Defense: joinDOTA's Flagship Dota 2 Tournament Returns and Hits Danish Television'. Gamasutra. Archived from the original on September 24, 2016. Retrieved July 10, 2016.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|deadurl=
(help) - ^'电竞产业或迎春天 DOTA2上今日新闻联播'. fight.pcgames.com.cn (in Chinese). Archived from the original on October 11, 2016. Retrieved July 10, 2016.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|deadurl=
(help) - ^'Astro offers The International 2015 DOTA 2 Championships LIVE'. astro.com.my. Archived from the original on August 19, 2016. Retrieved June 29, 2016.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|deadurl=
(help) - ^Banusing, Justin. 'Catch The Manila Major Finals Live Philippine Coverage on TV'. esports.inquirer.net. Archived from the original on July 13, 2016. Retrieved June 29, 2016.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|deadurl=
(help) - ^ ab'Dota 2 for PC Reviews'. Metacritic. Archived from the original on August 7, 2013. Retrieved September 5, 2013.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|deadurl=
(help) - ^Patrick, Hancock (July 24, 2013). 'Dota 2'. Destructoid. Archived from the original on July 27, 2013. Retrieved July 25, 2013.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|deadurl=
(help); Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|website=
(help) - ^Edge Staff. 'Dota 2 review'. Edge Magazine UK. Archived from the original on August 4, 2013. Retrieved August 2, 2013.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|deadurl=
(help) - ^ abSmith, Quintin (July 16, 2013). 'Dota 2 review'. Eurogamer. Archived from the original on July 18, 2013.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|deadurl=
(help) - ^ abGaston, Martin (July 19, 2013). 'Dota 2 Review'. GameSpot. Archived from the original on July 25, 2016.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|deadurl=
(help) - ^ abCameron, Phill (July 24, 2013). 'Dota 2 Review'. IGN. Archived from the original on August 6, 2013.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|deadurl=
(help) - ^Gies, Arthur. 'Dota 2 review'. Polygon. Archived from the original on August 15, 2017. Retrieved August 15, 2017.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|deadurl=
(help) - ^ abThursten, Chris (May 24, 2018). 'Dota 2 review'. PC Gamer. Archived from the original on May 24, 2018. Retrieved May 25, 2018.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|dead-url=
(help) - ^Rignall, Jaz. 'DOTA 2 Review'. USgamer. Archived from the original on September 30, 2018. Retrieved September 30, 2018.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|dead-url=
(help) - ^McCormick, Rich (July 26, 2013). 'Dota 2 Review'. VideoGamer.com. Archived from the original on August 5, 2013. Retrieved July 29, 2013.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|deadurl=
(help) - ^Peckham, Matt; Eadicicco, Lisa; Fitzpatrick, Alex; Vella, Matt; Patrick Pullen, John; Raab, Josh; Grossman, Lev (August 23, 2016). 'The 50 Best Video Games of All Time'. Time. Archived from the original on August 26, 2016. Retrieved August 23, 2016.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|deadurl=
(help) - ^Edge staff (August 2017). 'Edge Presents: The 100 Greatest Video Games of All Time'. Edge. No. 308.
- ^Polygon staff (December 1, 2017). 'The 500 best games of all time: 100-1'. Polygon. Archived from the original on December 1, 2017. Retrieved December 1, 2017.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|deadurl=
(help) - ^'The Top 300 Games of All Time'. Game Informer (300). April 2018.Italic or bold markup not allowed in:
|journal=
(help) - ^McCormick, Rich (September 22, 2012). 'Dota 2 Review'. PC Gamer. Archived from the original on November 27, 2012.
- ^Kozanitis, James. 'Why Dota 2 is the Only Game that Does Free-To-Play Right'. Hardcore Gamer. Archived from the original on July 24, 2016. Retrieved August 8, 2016.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|deadurl=
(help) - ^ abKolan, Nick. 'League of Legends Versus Dota 2'. IGN. Archived from the original on August 20, 2016. Retrieved July 28, 2016.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|deadurl=
(help) - ^Kuchera, Ben. 'Spectating Dota 2 in VR is amazing, watch it in action'. Polygon. Archived from the original on August 8, 2016. Retrieved August 9, 2016.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|deadurl=
(help) - ^Thursten, Chris. 'Dota 2 Battle Pass update adds crazy new VR spectator mode'. PC Gamer. Archived from the original on August 12, 2016. Retrieved August 9, 2016.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|deadurl=
(help) - ^Machkovech, Sam. 'Dota 2 releases full VR spectator suite—just in time for the International'. Ars Technica. Archived from the original on August 7, 2016. Retrieved August 9, 2016.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|deadurl=
(help) - ^Åslund, Fredrik (July 18, 2013). 'Dota 2 Recension'. Gamereactor. Archived from the original on November 2, 2013. Retrieved August 16, 2013.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|deadurl=
(help); Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|website=
(help) - ^Danneberg, Benjamin (July 18, 2013). 'Dota 2 im Test'. GameStar (in German). Archived from the original on August 21, 2013. Retrieved August 16, 2013.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|deadurl=
(help); Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|website=
(help) - ^'Dota 2 review – eSport of kings'. Metro. July 19, 2013. Archived from the original on November 25, 2013. Retrieved December 7, 2013.
Nowadays games like Dota and League Of Legends are described as MOBAs, which stands for multiplayer online battle arena – a laughably unhelpful term which is strangely fitting given how infamously difficult the games are to get into. And how notoriously unpleasant and elitist their online community tends to be.
Cite uses deprecated parameter|deadurl=
(help) - ^ abBright, Peter. 'Valve can't pass buck to third parties for teaching CS:GO kids to gamble'. Ars Technica. Archived from the original on July 12, 2016. Retrieved July 13, 2016.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|deadurl=
(help) - ^Armitage, Catherine. 'Nick Xenophon calls for curbs on teen gambling in esports video games'. smh.com.au. The Sydney Morning Herald. Archived from the original on August 2, 2016. Retrieved August 5, 2016.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|deadurl=
(help) - ^Wolf, Jacob. 'Valve prohibits online gambling through Steam for Counter-Strike and Dota 2'. ESPN. Archived from the original on July 15, 2016. Retrieved July 14, 2016.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|deadurl=
(help) - ^LeJacq, Yannick. 'League And Dota 2 Are Both Becoming A Bit More Like Heroes Of The Storm'. Kotaku. Archived from the original on July 25, 2016. Retrieved July 28, 2016.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|deadurl=
(help) - ^Chalk, Andy. 'League of Legends set to dominate MOBA market in 2016'. PC Gamer. Archived from the original on July 15, 2016. Retrieved July 28, 2016.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|deadurl=
(help) - ^Gaston, Martin. 'How Heroes of the Storm Is Different From--and the Same as--League of Legends and Dota 2'. GameSpot. Archived from the original on August 15, 2016. Retrieved July 28, 2016.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|deadurl=
(help) - ^ ab'Face Off: Is League of Legends a better game than Dota 2?'. PC Gamer. Archived from the original on August 7, 2016. Retrieved August 3, 2016.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|deadurl=
(help) - ^Parker, Jason. 'Dota 2 vs. Heroes of the Storm: Which MOBA is right for you?'. CNET. Archived from the original on July 24, 2016. Retrieved August 4, 2016.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|deadurl=
(help) - ^Sillis, Ben; Partridge, Joe. 'How Heroes of Newerth led OG to Dota 2'. Red Bull. Archived from the original on August 22, 2016. Retrieved August 4, 2016.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|deadurl=
(help) - ^Sottek, T.C. 'Valve is making Dota 2 players pay to avoid toxic gamers'. The Verge. Archived from the original on August 4, 2019. Retrieved August 4, 2019.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|dead-url=
(help) - ^Stubbs, Mike. 'Inside Dota 2's racism storm'. Eurogamer. Archived from the original on June 28, 2019. Retrieved August 4, 2019.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|dead-url=
(help) - ^Rose, Victoria. 'What is the solution to Dota 2's abusive trolling problem?'. PC Gamer. Archived from the original on August 4, 2019. Retrieved August 4, 2019.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|dead-url=
(help) - ^Talbot, Carrie. 'According to a new study Dota 2 has the most toxic online community'. PCGamesN. Archived from the original on August 4, 2019. Retrieved August 4, 2019.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|dead-url=
(help) - ^MacDonald, Keza (August 23, 2011). 'IGN People's Choice Award: And The Winner Is..'IGN. Archived from the original on November 5, 2012.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|deadurl=
(help) - ^PC Gamer staff (December 11, 2011). 'The PC Gamer 2012 Game of the Year nominees'. PC Gamer. Archived from the original on January 15, 2013.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|deadurl=
(help) - ^PC Gamer staff (December 29, 2013). 'E-Sport of the year: Dota 2'. PC Gamer. Archived from the original on July 31, 2014.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|deadurl=
(help) - ^Connors, Cody; Rom, Kim (January 5, 2014). '2013 onGamers esports Industry Awards'. onGamers. Archived from the original on January 6, 2014.
- ^GameTrailers (January 8, 2014). 'Game of the Year Awards 2013 - Best PC Game'. YouTube. Archived from the original on June 15, 2014. Retrieved February 17, 2018.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|deadurl=
(help) - ^'Best of 2013 Awards: Best PC Strategy & Tactics Game'. IGN. January 9, 2014. Archived from the original on April 21, 2014.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|deadurl=
(help) - ^'Best of 2013 Awards: Best PC Multiplayer Game'. IGN. January 9, 2014. Archived from the original on March 9, 2014.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|deadurl=
(help) - ^Bertz, Matt (January 7, 2014). 'Game Informer Best Of 2013 Awards'. Game Informer. Archived from the original on January 20, 2014. Retrieved January 25, 2014.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|deadurl=
(help) - ^Carter, Chris (December 24, 2013). 'The winner of Destructoid's best of 2013 competitive game'. Destructoid. Archived from the original on January 3, 2014. Retrieved January 3, 2014.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|deadurl=
(help) - ^Karmali, Luke (March 13, 2014). 'BAFTA Games Awards 2014 Winners Announced'. IGN. Archived from the original on January 5, 2015. Retrieved March 21, 2014.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|deadurl=
(help) - ^'Nominees'. The Game Awards. Archived from the original on November 14, 2015. Retrieved November 30, 2015.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|deadurl=
(help) - ^Sarkar, Samit (November 16, 2016). 'Here are the nominees for The Game Awards 2016'. Polygon. Archived from the original on November 16, 2016. Retrieved November 16, 2016.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|deadurl=
(help) - ^Hester, Blake (November 14, 2017). ''Horizon Zero Dawn,' 'Zelda,' 'Mario' Top List of Game Award Nominees'. Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on November 14, 2017. Retrieved November 14, 2017.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|deadurl=
(help) - ^'DOTA 2 Global Game Awards Nominee 2015'. Game Debate. Archived from the original on December 2, 2015. Retrieved November 30, 2015.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|deadurl=
(help) - ^Good, Owen S. (December 20, 2016). '2016 Steam Awards finalists go all the way back to 2006'. Polygon. Archived from the original on December 21, 2016. Retrieved January 7, 2016.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|deadurl=
(help) - ^Rubin, Rebecca; Knapp, JD (August 13, 2017). 'Teen Choice Awards 2017: 'Riverdale,' Fifth Harmony Shut Out Competition'. Variety. Archived from the original on August 16, 2017. Retrieved March 25, 2018.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|dead-url=
(help) - ^Gaito, Eri (November 13, 2017). 'Golden Joystick Awards 2017 Nominees'. Best in Slot. Archived from the original on January 10, 2018. Retrieved February 17, 2018.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|deadurl=
(help) - ^Hoggins, Tom (September 24, 2018). 'Golden Joysticks 2018 nominees announced, voting open now'. The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on October 8, 2018. Retrieved October 7, 2018.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|dead-url=
(help) - ^Sheridan, Connor (November 16, 2018). 'Golden Joystick Awards 2018 winners: God of War wins big but Fortnite gets Victory Royale'. GamesRadar+. Archived from the original on November 16, 2018. Retrieved November 18, 2018.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|dead-url=
(help) - ^'Horizon wins 7; Mario GOTY'. National Academy of Video Game Trade Reviewers. March 13, 2018. Archived from the original on March 14, 2018. Retrieved March 14, 2018.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|dead-url=
(help) - ^'Best of 2017 Awards: Best Spectator Game'. IGN. December 20, 2017. Archived from the original on December 26, 2017. Retrieved February 17, 2018.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|deadurl=
(help) - ^Lahti, Evan (May 20, 2013). 'Dota 2 breaks concurrent Steam players record (again)'. PC Gamer. Archived from the original on June 7, 2013. Retrieved May 21, 2013.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|deadurl=
(help) - ^Pitcher, Jenna (May 21, 2013). 'Dota 2 breaks own record for most concurrent users on Steam'. Polygon. Archived from the original on June 9, 2013. Retrieved May 21, 2013.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|deadurl=
(help) - ^Peel, Jeremy (May 24, 2013). 'Dota 2 had more players yesterday than the rest of the Steam top ten put together'. PCGamesN. Archived from the original on June 7, 2013. Retrieved June 12, 2013.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|deadurl=
(help) - ^McCormick, Rich. 'Steam rises to 65 million active users, eclipsing Xbox Live'. The Verge. Archived from the original on January 3, 2017. Retrieved January 12, 2017.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|deadurl=
(help) - ^Orland, Kyle. 'Introducing Steam Gauge: Ars reveals Steam's most popular games'. Ars Technica. Archived from the original on November 26, 2016. Retrieved January 12, 2017.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|deadurl=
(help) - ^Good, Owen. 'Dota 2 is Steam's first game with 1 million users playing at the same time'. Polygon. Archived from the original on November 13, 2015. Retrieved October 28, 2015.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|deadurl=
(help) - ^Maiberg, Emanuel. 'Dota 2 Hits 1 million Concurrent Players, Still Far Smaller Than League of Legends'. GameSpot. Archived from the original on October 18, 2015. Retrieved October 28, 2015.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|deadurl=
(help) - ^Brown, Fraser. 'PlayerUnknown's Battlegrounds beats Dota 2's highest concurrent player record'. PC Gamer. Archived from the original on September 17, 2017. Retrieved September 16, 2017.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|deadurl=
(help) - ^McWhertor, Michael. 'The International Dota 2 tournament watched by more than 20M viewers, Valve says'. Polygon. Archived from the original on July 23, 2016. Retrieved July 22, 2016.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|deadurl=
(help) - ^Thean Eu, Goh. 'Astro gets into e-sports, Dota 2 broadcast pulls in 1.5mil viewers'. Digital News Asia. Archived from the original on September 23, 2015. Retrieved July 22, 2016.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|deadurl=
(help) - ^Aitchison, Kaci. 'Millions of people from around the world are watching THIS game'. q13fox.com. Fox. Archived from the original on August 20, 2016. Retrieved August 20, 2016.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|deadurl=
(help) - ^'Dota 2 is Now Being Learned in Schools Around China'. gametribute.com. Archived from the original on May 22, 2017. Retrieved May 11, 2017.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|deadurl=
(help) - ^'APU eSports Malaysia Academy Skills Certificate in Defense of the Ancients 2'. apu.edu.my. Archived from the original on March 21, 2017. Retrieved March 20, 2017.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|deadurl=
(help) - ^Kim, Andrew. 'Asian Indoor and Martial Arts Games choose Dota 2 over League of Legends for MOBA category'. slingshotesports.com. Archived from the original on August 8, 2017. Retrieved May 24, 2017.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|deadurl=
(help) - ^'SteelSeries and Valve® Corporation Introduce the SteelSeries QcK+ DotA 2 Edition'. Business Wire. August 16, 2011. Archived from the original on August 19, 2014. Retrieved June 20, 2014.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|deadurl=
(help) - ^'Dota 2 - Aegis of Champions'. Dota 2. Archived from the original on July 7, 2016. Retrieved July 12, 2016.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|deadurl=
(help) - ^Plunkett, Luke (September 24, 2012). 'DOTA 2's Official Replica Weapons Are Blowing My Mind'. Kotaku. Archived from the original on June 1, 2014. Retrieved May 31, 2014.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|deadurl=
(help) - ^'NECA/WizKids Unveils New Dota 2 And Team Fortress 2 Collectibles, Games, With Valve'. PR Newswire. February 6, 2013. Archived from the original on November 1, 2013. Retrieved July 6, 2013.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|deadurl=
(help) - ^Hayden, Scott. 'Valve's 'Secret Shop' HTC Vive Demo Introduces You to DotA 2's Fantastic World Full of Magic'. roadtovr.com. Archived from the original on March 31, 2017. Retrieved February 8, 2017.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|deadurl=
(help) - ^Pearce, Alanah; Dyer, Mitch. 'The Lab: Valve's Free and Fun VR Mini-Game Collection'. IGN. Archived from the original on February 24, 2017. Retrieved February 7, 2017.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|deadurl=
(help) - ^'The Collector's Aegis of Champions'. Dota 2. Archived from the original on July 10, 2016. Retrieved July 10, 2016.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|deadurl=
(help) - ^'Level 1000 Collector's Aegis of Champions'. Dota 2. Archived from the original on July 31, 2016. Retrieved July 29, 2016.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|deadurl=
(help) - ^Martindale, Jon. 'Virtual reality and DotA 2 fan? We have the VR headset for you'. Yahoo. Archived from the original on August 23, 2016. Retrieved July 27, 2016.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|deadurl=
(help) - ^'DOTA 2 (The Official Soundtrack)'. releases.red. Archived from the original on July 28, 2017. Retrieved May 20, 2017.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|deadurl=
(help) - ^Gies, Arthur (August 8, 2017). 'Valve announces Artifact, a Dota 2 card game'. Polygon. Archived from the original on August 9, 2017. Retrieved August 9, 2017.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|deadurl=
(help) - ^Stewart, Sam (March 8, 2018). 'Valve Releases First Details About Artifact'. IGN. Archived from the original on March 9, 2018. Retrieved March 8, 2018.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|dead-url=
(help) - ^Chalk, Andy. 'Artifact, Valve's fantasy card game, will be out in November'. PC Gamer. Archived from the original on August 1, 2018. Retrieved August 1, 2018.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|dead-url=
(help) - ^Scott-Jones, Richard (March 8, 2018). 'The creator of Magic: The Gathering is working on Artifact'. PCGamesN. Archived from the original on March 9, 2018. Retrieved March 8, 2018.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|dead-url=
(help) - ^ abCameron, Phill. 'Getting to know the business of Dota 2's indie Announcer Packs'. Gamasutra. Archived from the original on April 7, 2016. Retrieved June 27, 2016.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|deadurl=
(help) - ^Gaston, Martin. 'Dota 2 First Blood update debuts GLaDOS announcer on September 23'. GameSpot. Archived from the original on October 25, 2015. Retrieved June 27, 2016.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|deadurl=
(help) - ^Zorine, Te. 'Dota 2 gets The Stanley Parable announcer pack'. GameSpot. Archived from the original on October 25, 2015. Retrieved June 27, 2016.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|deadurl=
(help) - ^Zorine, Te. 'Dota 2 Gets Rick and Morty Announcer Pack'. GameSpot. Archived from the original on April 28, 2016. Retrieved June 27, 2016.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|deadurl=
(help) - ^Frank, Allegra. 'Fallout 4 meets Dota 2 with Mister Handy announcer pack'. Polygon. Archived from the original on August 7, 2016. Retrieved June 27, 2016.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|deadurl=
(help) - ^Gies, Arthur. 'Deus Ex's Adam Jensen is a strange, great fit in Dota 2'. Polygon. Archived from the original on September 2, 2016. Retrieved September 3, 2016.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|deadurl=
(help) - ^Rose, Victoria. 'Darkest Dungeon Ancestor announcer available in Dota 2 on October 2'. The Flying Courier. Polygon. Archived from the original on October 2, 2018. Retrieved October 2, 2018.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|dead-url=
(help) - ^Middleton, Ryan. 'Deadmau5 Releases 35 Minutes Of New Music For 'Dota 2''. Music Times. Archived from the original on April 21, 2016. Retrieved April 7, 2016.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|deadurl=
(help) - ^Greening, Chris. 'DOTA 2 adds epic orchestral music pack from Chance Thomas'. Video Game Music Online. Archived from the original on March 22, 2016. Retrieved April 7, 2016.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|deadurl=
(help) - ^Nguyen, Patrick. 'Bristleback announcer pack and Compendium music by Jeremy Soule is out now'. gamespresso. Archived from the original on January 22, 2016. Retrieved April 7, 2016.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|deadurl=
(help) - ^Carter, Chris. 'Final Fantasy Type-0 HD will have DOTA 2 bonuses, 'exclusive loading screen' on PC'. Destructoid. Archived from the original on August 14, 2016. Retrieved June 27, 2016.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|deadurl=
(help) - ^'Warhammer Comes to the Dota 2 Workshop'. Dota 2. Archived from the original on July 7, 2016. Retrieved July 8, 2016.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|deadurl=
(help) - ^Stewart, Sam. 'Valve Reveals Companion Cube Cosmetic For Dota 2 Hero'. IGN. Archived from the original on May 19, 2017. Retrieved May 20, 2017.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|deadurl=
(help) - ^Moyse, Chris. 'Capcom submit Okami's Amaterasu as a potential DOTA 2 courier'. Destructoid. Archived from the original on March 4, 2018. Retrieved December 12, 2017.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|deadurl=
(help) - ^Devore, Jordan (March 19, 2014). 'Dota 2 documentary Free to Play: The Movie released'. Destructoid. Archived from the original on April 13, 2014. Retrieved April 9, 2014.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|deadurl=
(help) - ^'NBA star Jeremy Lin says DOTA 2 is 'more than just a game''. GameSpot. Archived from the original on March 18, 2017. Retrieved July 30, 2016.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|deadurl=
(help) - ^Markazi, Arash. 'Jeremy Lin on esports: 'It's the unique talent of the players that is the draw''. ESPN. Archived from the original on August 13, 2016. Retrieved August 13, 2016.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|deadurl=
(help) - ^Kelly, Christina. 'Jeremy Lin compares NBA All-Stars to Dota heroes'. ESPN. Archived from the original on August 15, 2016. Retrieved August 15, 2016.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|deadurl=
(help) - ^ abThursten, Chris. 'Valve's latest Dota 2 documentary series starts today'. PC Gamer. Archived from the original on October 14, 2016. Retrieved October 13, 2016.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|deadurl=
(help) - ^'True Sight: The Kiev Major Grand Finals'. Dota 2 blog. Archived from the original on June 6, 2017. Retrieved June 1, 2017.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|deadurl=
(help) - ^Rose, Victoria. 'True Sight mini-documentary, this time featuring TI7's Grand Finals, is now available to watch'. The Flying Courier. Polygon. Archived from the original on October 13, 2017. Retrieved October 12, 2017.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|deadurl=
(help) - ^'Dota 2: 'True Sight' documentary on OG's victory over PSG.LGD in TI8 Finals to premiere Jan. 15'. Fox Sports Asia. Archived from the original on December 23, 2018. Retrieved December 23, 2018.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|dead-url=
(help) - ^Dyer, Mitch. 'See the Dota 2 Cosplay, Merch, and Spectacle at The International 5'. IGN. Archived from the original on August 20, 2016. Retrieved July 28, 2016.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|deadurl=
(help) - ^Stubbs, Mike. '$15,000 cosplay competition to take place at The International 6'. MCV. Archived from the original on August 6, 2016. Retrieved July 28, 2016.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|deadurl=
(help) - ^Van Allen, Eric. 'Why Moscow deserves a Dota 2 major'. ESPN. Archived from the original on July 7, 2016. Retrieved July 28, 2016.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|deadurl=
(help) - ^Plunkett, Luke. '2015's Best Cartoons Made Using Valve's Games'. Kotaku. Archived from the original on August 12, 2016. Retrieved July 30, 2016.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|deadurl=
(help) - ^Wilson, Nick. 'Enter the Dota 2 Short Film Contest and bag yourself a cool $20,000 at the International'. PCGamesN. Archived from the original on August 7, 2016. Retrieved July 30, 2016.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|deadurl=
(help) - ^Wood, Austin. 'This year's Dota 2 short film contest saw some incredible entries at the last minute'. PC Gamer. Archived from the original on August 9, 2018. Retrieved August 8, 2018.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|dead-url=
(help) - ^Albert, Brian. 'New Dota 2 Comic Hints at Release of 'Oracle' Dota 1 Hero'. IGN. Archived from the original on August 20, 2016. Retrieved July 10, 2016.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|deadurl=
(help) - ^Strom, Steven. 'Valve Launches Long-Form Dota 2 Comic 'The Last Castle''. IGN. Archived from the original on February 12, 2016. Retrieved July 10, 2016.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|deadurl=
(help) - ^Savage, Phil. 'Dota 2 comic heralds New Bloom update'. PC Gamer. Archived from the original on August 17, 2016. Retrieved July 10, 2016.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|deadurl=
(help) - ^'DOTA 2: The Comic Collection HC'. darkhorse.com. Archived from the original on March 2, 2017. Retrieved March 1, 2017.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|deadurl=
(help) - ^Simonite, Tom. 'Can Bots Outwit Humans in One of the Biggest esports Games?'. Wired. Archived from the original on June 25, 2018. Retrieved June 25, 2018.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|dead-url=
(help) - ^Vincent, James. 'AI bots trained for 180 years a day to beat humans at Dota 2'. The Verge. Archived from the original on June 25, 2018. Retrieved June 25, 2018.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|dead-url=
(help) - ^Kahn, Jeremy. 'A Bot Backed by Elon Musk Has Made an AI Breakthrough in Video Game World'. Bloomberg. Archived from the original on June 27, 2018. Retrieved June 27, 2018.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|dead-url=
(help) - ^Clifford, Catherine. 'Bill Gates says gamer bots from Elon Musk-backed nonprofit are 'huge milestone' in A.I.'CNBC. Archived from the original on June 28, 2018. Retrieved June 29, 2018.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|dead-url=
(help) - ^Savov, Vlad. 'My favorite game has been invaded by killer AI bots and Elon Musk hype'. The Verge. Archived from the original on June 26, 2018. Retrieved June 25, 2018.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|dead-url=
(help) - ^Frank, Blair Hanley. 'OpenAI's bot beats top Dota 2 player so badly that he quits'. Venture Beat. Archived from the original on August 12, 2017. Retrieved August 12, 2017.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|deadurl=
(help) - ^Savov, Vlad. 'The OpenAI Dota 2 bots just defeated a team of former pros'. The Verge. Archived from the original on August 7, 2018. Retrieved August 7, 2018.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|dead-url=
(help) - ^Simonite, Tom. 'Pro Gamers Fend off Elon Musk-Backed AI Bots—for Now'. Wired. Archived from the original on August 24, 2018. Retrieved August 25, 2018.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|dead-url=
(help) - ^Quach, Katyanna. 'Game over, machines: Humans defeat OpenAI bots once again at video games Olympics'. The Register. Archived from the original on August 25, 2018. Retrieved August 25, 2018.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|dead-url=
(help) - ^'The International 2018: Results'. blog.openai.com. Archived from the original on August 24, 2018. Retrieved August 25, 2018.Cite uses deprecated parameter
|dead-url=
(help)
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Dota 2. |
- Official website
Retrieved from 'https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dota_2&oldid=915334229'
Python next¶
Release date: XXXX-XX-XX
Security¶
- bpo-37764: Fixes email._header_value_parser.get_unstructured going into aninfinite loop for a specific case in which the email header does not havetrailing whitespace, and the case in which it contains an invalid encodedword. Patch by Ashwin Ramaswami.
- bpo-37461: Fix an infinite loop when parsing specially crafted emailheaders. Patch by Abhilash Raj.
- bpo-34155: Fix parsing of invalid email addresses with more than one
@
(e.g. a@[email protected].) to not return the part before 2nd@
as valid emailaddress. Patch by maxking & jpic.
Core and Builtins¶
- bpo-38124: Fix an off-by-one error in PyState_AddModule that could causeout-of-bounds memory access.
- bpo-36946: Fix possible signed integer overflow when handling slices.Patch by hongweipeng.
- bpo-37409: Ensure explicit relative imports from interactive sessions andscripts (having no parent package) always raise ImportError, rather thantreating the current module as the package. Patch by Ben Lewis.
- bpo-36311: Decoding bytes objects larger than 2GiB is faster and no longerfails when a multibyte characters spans a chunk boundary.
- bpo-37467: Fix
sys.excepthook()
andPyErr_Display()
if afilename is a bytes string. For example, for a SyntaxError exception wherethe filename attribute is a bytes string. - bpo-37417:
bytearray.extend()
now correctly handles errors thatarise during iteration. Patch by Brandt Bucher. - bpo-20523:
pdb.Pdb
supports ~/.pdbrc in Windows 7. Patch by Tim Hopperand Dan Lidral-Porter.
Library¶
- bpo-34706: Preserve subclassing in inspect.Signature.from_callable.
- bpo-38059: inspect.py now uses sys.exit() instead of exit()
- bpo-38006: weakref.WeakValueDictionary defines a local remove() functionused as callback for weak references. This function was created with aclosure. Modify the implementation to avoid the closure.
- bpo-34410: Fixed a crash in the
tee()
iterator when re-enter it.RuntimeError is now raised in this case. - bpo-37965: Fix C compiler warning caused bydistutils.ccompiler.CCompiler.has_function.
- bpo-36205: Fix the rusage implementation of time.process_time() tocorrectly report the sum of the system and user CPU time.
- bpo-22347: Update mimetypes.guess_type to allow proper parsing of URLswith only a host name. Patch by Dong-hee Na.
- bpo-37950: Fix
ast.dump()
when call with incompletely initializednode. - bpo-37915: Fix a segmentation fault that appeared when comparing instancesof
datetime.timezone
anddatetime.tzinfo
objects. Patch by PabloGalindo. - bpo-37885: venv: Don’t generate unset variable warning on deactivate.
- bpo-37868: Fix dataclasses.is_dataclass when given an instance that neverraises AttributeError in __getattr__. That is, an object that returnssomething for __dataclass_fields__ even if it’s not a dataclass.
- bpo-37811: Fix
socket
module’ssocket.connect(address)
functionbeing unable to establish connection in case of interrupted system call.The problem was observed on all OSes whichpoll(2)
system call cantake only non-negative integers and -1 as a timeout value. - bpo-21131: Fix
faulthandler.register(chain=True)
stack. faulthandlernow allocates a dedicated stack ofSIGSTKSZ*2
bytes, instead of justSIGSTKSZ
bytes. Calling the previous signal handler in faulthandlersignal handler uses more thanSIGSTKSZ
bytes of stack memory on someplatforms. - bpo-34621: Fixed unpickle-ability in older Python versions (<3.7) of UUIDobjects with
is_safe
set toSafeUUID.unknown
. - bpo-37738: Fix the implementation of curses
addch(str,color_pair)
:pass the color pair tosetcchar()
, instead of always passing 0 as thecolor pair. - bpo-37723: Fix performance regression on regular expression parsing withhuge character sets. Patch by Yann Vaginay.
- bpo-32178: Fix IndexError in
email
package when trying to parseinvalid address fields starting with:
. - bpo-37685: Fixed comparisons of
datetime.timedelta
anddatetime.timezone
. - bpo-37695: Correct
curses.unget_wch()
error message. Patch byAnthony Sottile. - bpo-29553: Fixed
argparse.ArgumentParser.format_usage()
for mutuallyexclusive groups. Patch by Andrew Nester. - bpo-37664: Update wheels bundled with ensurepip (pip 19.2.3 and setuptools41.2.0)
- bpo-37642: Allowed the pure Python implementation of
datetime.timezone
to represent sub-minute offsets close tominimum and maximum boundaries, specifically in the ranges (23:59, 24:00)and (-23:59, 24:00). Patch by Ngalim Siregar - bpo-37491: Fix
IndexError
when parsing email headers with unexpectedlyending bare-quoted string value. Patch by Abhilash Raj. - bpo-18378: Recognize “UTF-8” as a valid value for LC_CTYPE inlocale._parse_localename.
- bpo-37579: Return
NotImplemented
in Python implementation of__eq__
fortimedelta
andtime
when the other object being compared is not of the same type to match Cimplementation. Patch by Karthikeyan Singaravelan. - bpo-21478: Record calls to parent when autospecced object is attached to amock using
unittest.mock.attach_mock()
. Patch by KarthikeyanSingaravelan. - bpo-37531: “python3 -m test -jN –timeout=TIMEOUT” now kills a workerprocess if it runs longer than TIMEOUT seconds.
- bpo-37482: Fix serialization of display name in originator or destinationaddress fields with both encoded words and special chars.
- bpo-37424: Fixes a possible hang when using a timeout on
subprocess.run()
while capturing output. If the child process spawnedits own children or otherwise connected its stdout or stderr handles withanother process, we could hang after the timeout was reached and our childwas killed when attempting to read final output from the pipes. - bpo-37421: Fix
multiprocessing.util.get_temp_dir()
finalizer: clearalso the ‘tempdir’ configuration of the current process, so next call toget_temp_dir()
will create a new temporary directory, rather thanreusing the removed temporary directory. - bpo-37420:
os.sched_setaffinity()
now correctly handles errors thatarise during iteration over itsmask
argument. Patch by Brandt Bucher. - bpo-29412: Fix IndexError in parsing a header value ending unexpectedly.Patch by Abhilash Raj.
- bpo-37372: Fix error unpickling datetime.time objects from Python 2 withseconds>=24. Patch by Justin Blanchard.
- bpo-27860: Fix
IPv4Interface
andIPv6Interface
didn’t acceptstring mask when the argument is tuple. - bpo-33972: Email with single part but content-type set to
multipart/*
doesn’t raise AttributeError anymore. - bpo-21872: Fix
lzma
: module decompresses data incompletely. Whendecompressing a FORMAT_ALONE format file, and it doesn’t have the endmarker, sometimes the last one to dozens bytes can’t be output. Patch byMa Lin.IDM Crack has a smart download logic accelerator and increases download speeds by up to 5 times, resumes and schedules downloads. Download idm 2014 full version with crack and serial number. Internet Download Manager (IDM) is a reliabe and very useful tool with safe multipart downloading technology to accelerate from internet your downloads such a video, music, games, documents and other important stuff for you files. - bpo-12144: Ensure cookies with
expires
attribute are handled inCookieJar.make_cookies()
. - bpo-37163:
dataclasses.replace()
now supports the field named “obj”. - bpo-36871: Ensure method signature is used instead of constructorsignature of a class while asserting mock object against method calls.Patch by Karthikeyan Singaravelan.
- bpo-36564: Fix infinite loop in email header folding logic that would betriggered when an email policy’s max_line_length is not long enough toinclude the required markup and any values in the message. Patch by PaulGanssle
- bpo-35168:
shlex.shlex.punctuation_chars
is now a read-onlyproperty. - bpo-20504: Fixes a bug in
cgi
module when a multipart/form-datarequest has noContent-Length
header.Download and Update ASUS P5L 1394 Server Motherboard Drivers for your Windows XP, Vista, 7, 8 and 10 32 bit and 64 bit. Here you can download ASUS P5L 1394 Server Motherboard Drivers free and easy, just update your drivers now. Downloads Free! 32 Drivers, Utilities, Manual and BIOS for Asus P5L 1394 Motherboards. Here's where you can download Free! The newest software for your P5L 1394. P5l 1394 drivers download. The P5L 1394 motherboard supports the most powerful and energy efficient Intel® Core™2 processors. It features the Intel® 945P chipset and supports DDR2 667MHz dual-channel memory architecture. It also has 4 USB Ports, 1 external SATA port and 1 1394a port at back I/O; provides a flexible. Download the latest ASUS Socket775 P5L-VM 1394 device drivers (Official and Certified). ASUS Socket775 P5L-VM 1394 drivers updated daily. Download Now. - bpo-4963: Fixed non-deterministic behavior related to mimetypes extensionmapping and module reinitialization.
Documentation¶
- bpo-26868: Fix example usage of
PyModule_AddObject()
to properlyhandle errors. - bpo-37979: Added a link to dateutil.parser.isoparse in thedatetime.fromisoformat documentation. Patch by Paul Ganssle
- bpo-37726: Stop recommending getopt in the tutorial for command lineargument parsing and promote argparse.
- bpo-32910: Remove implementation-specific behaviour of how venv’sDeactivate works.
- bpo-37256: Fix wording of arguments for
Request
inurllib.request
- bpo-37284: Add a brief note to indicate that any new
sys.implementation
required attributes must go through the PEPprocess. - bpo-30088: Documented that
mailbox.Maildir
constructor doesn’tattempt to verify the maildir folder layout correctness. Patch bySviatoslav Sydorenko. - bpo-37487: Fix PyList_GetItem index description to include 0.
- bpo-37478: Added possible exceptions to the description of os.chdir().
- bpo-37004: In the documentation for difflib, a note was added explicitlywarning that the results of SequenceMatcher’s ratio method may depend onthe order of the input strings.
- bpo-35803: Document and test that
tempfile
functions may accept apath-like object for thedir
argument. Patch by AnthonySottile. - bpo-34293: Fix the Doc/Makefile regarding PAPER environment variable andPDF builds
Tests¶
Descargar Left 4 Dead 2
- bpo-38117: Test with OpenSSL 1.1.1d
- bpo-37805: Add tests for json.dump(…, skipkeys=True). Patch by Dong-heeNa.
- bpo-37531: Enhance regrtest multiprocess timeout: write a message whenkilling a worker process, catch popen.kill() and popen.wait() exceptions,put a timeout on the second call to popen.communicate().
- bpo-37335: Improve locale coercion tests by using codec lookup instead ofmore fragile replace().
- bpo-37411: Fix test_wsgiref.testEnviron() to no longer depend on theenvironment variables (don’t fail if “X” variable is set).
- bpo-37400: Fix test_os.test_chown(): use os.getgroups() rather thangrp.getgrall() to get groups. Rename also the test to test_chown_gid().
- bpo-37359: Add –cleanup option to python3 -m test to remove
test_python_*
directories of previous failed jobs. Add “makecleantest” to runpython3-mtest--cleanup
. - bpo-37362: test_gdb no longer fails if it gets an “unexpected” message onstderr: it now ignores stderr. The purpose of test_gdb is to test thatpython-gdb.py commands work as expected, not to test gdb.
- bpo-36919: Make
test_source_encoding.test_issue2301
implementationindependent. The test will work now for both CPython and IronPython. - bpo-34720: Assert m_state != NULL to mimic GC traversal functions that donot correctly handle module creation when the module state has not beencreated.
- bpo-34347: Fix
test_utf8_mode.test_cmd_line
for AIX. Patch by M. Felt
Build¶
- bpo-36002: Locate
llvm-profdata
andllvm-ar
binaries usingAC_PATH_TOOL
rather thanAC_PATH_TARGET_TOOL
. - bpo-37936: The
.gitignore
file no longer applies to any files thatare in fact tracked in the Git repository. Patch by Greg Price.
Windows¶
- bpo-36634: venv activate.bat now works when the existing variables containdouble quote characters.
- bpo-38087: Fix case sensitivity in test_pathlib and test_ntpath.
- bpo-38088: Fixes distutils not finding vcruntime140.dll with only the v142toolset installed.
- bpo-37283: Ensure command-line and unattend.xml setting overridepreviously detected states in Windows installer.
- bpo-37705: Improve the implementation of
winerror_to_errno()
. - bpo-37549:
os.dup()
no longer fails for standard streams on Windows7. - bpo-37702: Fix memory leak on Windows in creating an SSLContext object orrunning urllib.request.urlopen(‘https://…’).
- bpo-10945: Officially drop support for creating bdist_wininst installerson non-Windows systems.
- bpo-37445: Include the
FORMAT_MESSAGE_IGNORE_INSERTS
flag inFormatMessageW()
calls. - bpo-37380: Don’t collect unfinished processes with
subprocess._active
on Windows to cleanup later. Patch by Ruslan Kuprieiev. - bpo-32587: Make
winreg.REG_MULTI_SZ
support zero-length strings.
macOS¶
- bpo-38089: Move Azure Pipelines to latest VM versions and make macOS testsoptional
IDLE¶
- bpo-38077: IDLE no longer adds ‘argv’ to the user namespace wheninitializing it. This bug only affected 3.7.4 and 3.8.0b2 to 3.8.0b4.
- bpo-38041: Shell restart lines now fill the window width, always startwith ‘=’, and avoid wrapping unnecessarily. The line will still wrap ifthe included file name is long relative to the width.
- bpo-35771: To avoid occasional spurious test_idle failures on slowermachines, increase the
hover_delay
in test_tooltip. - bpo-37824: Properly handle user input warnings in IDLE shell. Ceaseturning SyntaxWarnings into SyntaxErrors.
- bpo-37929: IDLE Settings dialog now closes properly when there is no shellwindow.
- bpo-37902: Add mousewheel scrolling for IDLE module, path, and stackbrowsers. Patch by George Zhang.
- bpo-37849: Fixed completions list appearing too high or low when shownabove the current line.
- bpo-36419: Refactor IDLE autocomplete and improve testing.
- bpo-37748: Reorder the Run menu. Put the most common choice, Run Module,at the top.
- bpo-37692: Improve highlight config sample with example shell interactionand better labels for shell elements.
- bpo-37628: Settings dialog no longer expands with font size.
- bpo-37627: Initialize the Customize Run dialog with the command linearguments most recently entered before. The user can optionally editbefore submitting them.
- bpo-33610: Fix code context not showing the correct context when firsttoggled on.
- bpo-37530: Optimize code context to reduce unneeded background activity.Font and highlight changes now occur along with text changes instead ofafter a random delay.
- bpo-27452: Cleanup
config.py
by inliningRemoveFile
andsimplifying the handling offile
inCreateConfigHandlers
. - bpo-37325: Fix tab focus traversal order for help source and custom rundialogs.
- bpo-17535: Add optional line numbers for IDLE editor windows. Windowsopen without line numbers unless set otherwise in the General tab of theconfiguration dialog.
- bpo-26806: To compensate for stack frames added by IDLE and avoid possibleproblems with low recursion limits, add 30 to limits in the user codeexecution process. Subtract 30 when reporting recursion limits to makethis addition mostly transparent.
- bpo-36390: Gather Format menu functions into format.py. Combineparagraph.py, rstrip.py, and format methods from editor.py.
Left 4 Dead 2 Cheats
Tools/Demos¶
- bpo-37803: pdb’s
--help
and--version
long options now work. - bpo-37675: 2to3 now works when run from a zipped standard library.